RVP reading; PSIA or PSIG?

When we read the pressure from RVP chamber, we read directly from the gauge. The question is: is it expressed in PSIA or PSIG?

Although the value is read directly from gauge, but the gauge is not of the type that has vacuum measurement. so when the RVP chamber filled with ambient air (atmospheric pressure), the pressure will indicate zero.

The RVP is masured directly from the pressure gauge and reported without addition of atmospheric pressure.

From note 1 at ASTM D323 mentioned that:

NOTE 1—Because the external atmospheric pressure is counteracted by
the atmospheric pressure initially present in the vapor chamber, the Reid
vapor pressure is an absolute pressure at 37.8°C (100°F) in kilopascals
(pounds-force per square inch).

From the note mentioned that the result of RVP is an absolute pressure means that the value is absolute, not relative to anything.

AMINE ANALYSIS FOR CO2 REMOVAL UNIT IN LNG PROCESSING

Amine is used to remove acid gases such as CO2 and H2S in natural gas. CO2 removal is the first steep in LNG plant. The process of CO2 removal by amine solution is occuerd by chemical absorption between acid gases and amine.

Mengurus pindah KTP dan KK beda provinsi

Mengurus pindah KTP dan KK beda provinsi
Saya ingin sharing mengenai tata cara pengurusan pindah KTP dan KK beda provinsi. Saya sebelumnya berdomisili di Balikpapan, Kalimantan Timur dan pindah ke Kota Bandung, Jawa Barat akhir tahun 2018.
Mengurus KTP dan KK ini sebetulnya mudah asalkan tau tata caranya. Anda bisa searching di google mengenai tahapannya dari website resmi pemerintah maupun dari sharing kawan2 netizen seperti yang saat ini saya lakukan, mudah2an memberi bayangan kepada anda apa saja yang harus disiapkan. Anda perlu bersabar dan meluangkan waktu untuk urusan administrasi ini.
Tahap 1. Meminta surat pengantar pindah dari RT daerah asal (sesuai alamat KTP)
Jika anda punya no Hp atau WA pak RT akan lebih baik untuk dihubungi lebih dahulu dan dijelaskan maksud dan tujuannya yaitu mengurus surat pindah. Anda infokan nama anda, alamat asal anda, dan alamat yang dituju, kirimkan juga foto KTP suami istri dan KK. Jika pak RT responsif, akan sangat memudahkan anda sehingga anda tinggal janjian kapan mau diambil. Perlu diingat, pak RT juga punya kesibukan lain sehingga sebaiknya janjian terlebih dahulu. Blangko surat keterangan pindah ini sudah ada, sehingga pa RT tinggal mengisi saja sesuai informasi yang anda berikan. Jangan lupa siapkan copy KTP suami istri dan KK. Biaya gratis (kecuali ada iuran RT yang masih nunggak,…:p)
Tahap 2. Ke kelurahan dengan bekal surat pengantar pindah dari RT dan copy KTP KK.
Sebaiknya anda datang di pagi hari, serahkan surat dan copy tersebut. Petugas kelurahan akan menyiapkan surat ket pindah dari kelurahan, anda tinggal duduk menunggu, kalo kemarin saya mengurus surat ini hanya menunggu 30 menit (tergantung antrian). Setelah menunggu, anda akan memdapatkan surat keterangan pundah dari kelurahan, dan bisa langsung langsung ke CAPIL jika masih ada waktu (pelayanan CAPIL tutup jam 2). Surat keterangan ini berlaku 7 hari kerja, Biaya gratis
Tahap 3. Ke CAPIL dengan bekal surat ket pindah dari kelurahan dan bawa KK asli.
Kenapa membawa KK asli? Karena KK asli anda akan ditarik oleh CAPIL. Datang ke CAPIL, ambil no antrian sesuai loket pelayanan. Serahkan surat ket pindah dan KK asli. Surat keterangan pindah akan diproses selama 7 hari kerja. Anda akan diberikan nota/surat untuk pengambilan berkas, biasanya sudah tertulis kapan pengambilannya. Setelah 7 hari kerja, anda datang dengan membawa nota tersebut dan anda akan mendapatkan surat ket pindah dari CAPIL, surat ini berlaku 30 hari. Biaya gratis.
Tahap 4. Minta surat pindah masuk ke RT RW yang dituju.
Sama seperti tahap 1, sebaiknya anda janjian dulu dengan pak RT dan memberikan data2 via WA. Anda datang ke pak RT, bawa copy KTP, KK, surat ket pindah CAPIL. Pak RT akan mengisi blangko surat pindah masuk dan KK sementara/pengganti sesuai data yang anda berikan. Tandatangan sampai RW.
Tahap 4. Ke kelurahan yang dituju, bawa copy KTP dan KK lama, KK sementara/pengganti, didalam map warna merah
Anda serahkan berkas2 tersebut, nanti pihak kelurahan akan membuat surat pengantar untuk pembuatan KK dan KTP untuk kecamatan. Anda menunggu sekitar 30 menit (tergantung antrian). Biaya gratis
Note:
cukup sampai kecamatan, tidak perlu ke CAPIL daerah tujuan
Surat pengantar dari CAPIL berlaku 30 hari, ada beberapa kota yang strik ada juga yg fleksibel, untuk daerah yang saya tuju fleksibel, bahkan pa RT bilang ada juga yg sudah 2 bulan masih diproses
Warna map merah diberitahu oleh pak RT kalo ke kelurahan dan kecamatan, berkas dimasukkan dalam map merah 
Tahap 5. Langsung ke Kecamatan , dengan bekal surat dari kelurahan, copy KTP dan KK lama, KK sementara/pengganti, foto copy buku nikah
Ambil antrian, serahkan semua berkas ke loket yang sesuai, petugas akan memeriksa berkas, jika sudah lengkap, anda akan memperoleh nota untuk pengambilan KK, proses 2 minggu.
Setelah 2 minggu, KK sudah jadi dan diambil, langsung fotocopy, serahkan lagi ke loket kecamatan untuk pembuatan KTP, waktu proses 1 bulan karena keterbatasan blangko KTP. Tidak ada rekam ulang karena KTP saya sudah eKTP.

The Implementation of Quality System at PT. Badak NGL Laboratory

Research Background

Objective

 To create and implement QA/QC system in laboratory to produce valid and
reliable data result
 Case Study “Determination of Mercury in Water Sample by CVAAS Method”

QA/QC

The Implementation of Quality System

Case study: “Determination of Mercury in Water Sample by CVAAS Method”

CVAAS (Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) Principle

Pre-Read Delay Time

QA-QC Matrix

 

RUN TIME SETTING AT GC HP 7980

Source: Manual Agilent HP 7890

Step by step of run time adjustment

1. At initial condition, please ensure all valve (1, 2, and 3) are OFF.

   At initial condition,

   Valve 1:      OFF

   Valve 2:      OFF

   Valve 3:      OFF

   At this condition, sample/standard gas flows thru sample loop in and out, while carrier gas flows into DC200 –> UCW –> HAYESEP Q –> MOLSIEVE –> TCD

2. Start to make run time table (please refer to operating instruction to start making run time table):

   Valve 2:      ON         0.01’

   Valve 3:      ON         0.01’

   Valve 1:      ON         0.05’

   Run the sample/standard gas. Carrier gas will push sample from sample loop to UCW –> DC200 –> TCD, while Valve 2, and 3 ON, no sample flows to HAYESEP Q and MOLSIEVE. Notice the flow direction UCW change inversely between ON and OFF at Valve 1.

3. Valve 1: OFF        80’ (backflush time)When valve 1 is OFF, C6+ retained at UCW are backflushed, while N2, C1, CO2, C2, C3, iC4, nC4, iC5, nC5 were in DC 200 column. So the sequence in chromatogram with this setting will be like this (fig 1) : C6+, N2, C1, CO2, C2, C3, iC4, nC4, iC5, nC5. At chromatogram, check that both pentane peaks (i-C5 and n-C5) are present and that there is no C6+ coming out later in the run.

   fig 1

    If the backflush time is set too early you will see that pentane peaks are missing or not all of the pentane is present. This situation is shown in fig 2, where a backflush time of 0.70 minutes was used.

   fig 2. backflush too early, n-C5 peak are missing

    If the backflush time is set too late, you will see that the C6 compounds come out later in the run since C6+ already flow out from UCW and goes into DC200. The chromatogram shown in Fig 3 shows a peak at 15.1 min when a backflush time for Valve 1 was set to 1.10 minutes. 

   fig 3. backflush too late, C6+ appears at 15.1 min

   How to find the ideal time for backflush C6+:

   Increase backflush time of Valve 1 by 0.10’ until C6 peak appear as shown in figure 3. When you have found this time, decrease the backflush time in 0.05 decrements until this peak no longer appear. Now set the backflush time to 0.10 minutes earlier.

   Example: Let’s say: valve 1: ON 0.70” (and the chromatogram as fig 2, with pentane peak are missing, both or n-pentane). Increase time by 0.10, and the C6+ come out later as shown in fig 3 at 1.10”. Decrease time by 0.05”, let’ say at 1.05”, C6 peak are disappearing.  Therefore the ideal time will be 1.05 – 0.10 = 0.95”. the chromatogram will be like this (fig 4):

   fig 4

4. Note the times A, B and C from this chromatogram (fig 4) as follows:

   Time A = Start of methane/air peak – 0.2 min

   Time B = Time A + 1.3 min

   Time C= RT N-Pentane + 1 min

   Enter the following into the Run Table

   Valve 2:      OFF        Time A  –> to push in N2, C1, CO2, and C2 that not well separated in DC200, into HAYESEP Q

   Valve 2:      ON         Time B –> to trap N2, C1, CO2, and C2 in HAYESEP Q, and avoid C3 from entering into HAYESEP Q

   Valve 2:      OFF        Time C –> (after n-C5 reach the detector) to push out N2, C1, CO2, and C2 from HAYESEP Q.

   At HAYESEP Q, N2 and C1 were not well separated, but CO2 and C2 already well separated. The addition of these commands to the run table will allow the air, methane, ethane and carbon dioxide to be transferred into the Hayesep Q column and after the C3 to C5 hydrocarbons have eluted, allow these compounds to elute from the Hayesep Q column. This column (Hayesep Q) will not separate the oxygen, nitrogen and methane that well, but it will separate them from the carbon dioxide and ethane. The chromatogram should look similar to Fig 5. If there is a significant peak before the propane peak, reduce the second V2 ON time in the time table by 0.1 minutes.

   

   fig 5

5. Note the times D, E and F from this chromatogram as follows:

Time D = V2 OFF time – 0.02 min

Time E = Time D + 1.3 min

Time F= RT Ethane + 1 min

Enter the following into the Run Table

Valve 3:      OFF        Time D –> to push N2 and C1 into molsieve

Valve 3:      ON         Time E –> to trap N2 and C1 at molsieve and to avoid CO2 from entering molsieve

Valve 3:      OFF        Time F –> after C2 reach detector, to push out N2 and C1 from molsieve to TCD. When you are satisfied with the valve timing, save the method as 78900042.M. The final run should be similar to the example shown below.

SUMMARY

NOTE:

hayesep Q will not separate O2, N2, and C1 that well, but it will separate from CO2 and C2

molsieve will separate O2, N2 and C1 well

Pressure Unit

Common pressure unit used Industry
1 atm = 101 KPA
1 atm = 14.7 psi
1 atm = 1 bar

The SI unit of pressure is the newton per square metre, which is called the pascal (Pa)

What is the difference between PSIG and PSIA?

PSIG and PSIA

G in PSIG is stands for Gauge and A is stands for Absolute.

PSIG is the pressure read from a gauge which reads the difference between the pressure in the pipe and the pressure of the atmosphere.

PSIA is the total pressure or absolute pressure including the pressure of the atmosphere.

PSIG is lower than PSIA

So:

PSIG + 1 atm = PSIA

PSIA – 1 atm = PSIG

atm is stands for atmosphere

1 atm is approximately 14.7 psi, so we use the value to convert the PSIG to PSIA or vice versa, or we use the actual atmosphere value measurement for your place if you have it.

Atmospheric pressure at sea level is 14.7 PSIA = 0 PSIG

Resumed from onlineconversion.com

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